Obtenha o conteúdo mais recente agora!(Portugal)

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Portuguese Empire or Portuguese Colonial Empire [ note 1 ] was the first global empire [ 1 ] in history, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] being considered the oldest of modern European colonial empires , spanning almost six centuries of existence, from from the Conquest of Ceuta , in 1415, to the return of sovereignty over Macau to China, in 1999. The empire spread over a vast number of territories that are now part of 53 different countries. It is important to point out that, whether during the monarchical regime or during the republican regime, Portugal never officially called itself an " empire ".

Portuguese sailors began exploring the coast of Africa in 1419, using recent developments in areas such as navigation, cartography and maritime technology such as the caravel , with the aim of finding a sea route for the lucrative spice trade from the east. In 1488 Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope , and in 1498 Vasco da Gama reached India . In 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral arrived in Brazil , on the South American Atlantic coast . In the following decades, Portuguese sailors continued to explore the coast and islands of eastern Africa.Asia , establishing forts and trading posts . In 1571, a series of outposts linked Lisbon with Nagasaki , Japan , along the coasts of Africa, the Middle East , India and Asia. This trading network brought great wealth to the Kingdom of Portugal .

Between 1580 and 1640, the Kingdom of Portugal and the Spanish Empire shared the same kings , in a personal union of the two countries' crowns . Although the two empires continued to be administered separately, the Portuguese colonies became the target of attacks by three rival European powers hostile to Spain, who coveted Iberian successes abroad: the Netherlands , Great Britain and France . With a smaller population, Portugal was unable to effectively defend its overburdened network of trading posts, and the empire began to enter a long, gradual process of decline. [ 5] Significant losses to the Dutch inPortuguese IndiaandSoutheast Asiaduring the17th centurybrought an end to the Portuguese monopoly of trade inthe Indian Ocean. Brazil, which had become Portugal's most valuable colony,becameindependentin 1822, as part ofa wave of independence movementsthat sweptAmericain the early19th century. The Portuguese Empire was then reduced to its colonies on the African coast (which were expanded inland during theScramble for Africain the late19th century),Timor-Leste and enclaves in India ( Goa, Daman and Diu ) and China ( Macao ).

After the Second World War , the then leader of Portugal, António Salazar , tried to keep what was left of the pluricontinental empire intact, at a time when other European countries were already starting the decolonization of their territories. In 1961, Portuguese troops in Goa were unable to stop the advance of Indian troops who marched into the colony in superior numbers. In the 1960s , the Portuguese Colonial War began , which lasted until the fall of the Portuguese regime in 1974 . The new government, installed after the Carnation Revolution , immediately enacted the principle of self-determination of peoples into law., radically changing the policy, opening up the possibility of independence for all colonies, effectively ending the "Portuguese empire". The exception was Macau , territory returned to China only in 1999, symbolically marking the end of the Portuguese Empire. Currently, the Azores and Madeira archipelagos are the only overseas territories that remain politically linked to Portugal. The Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP) is the cultural successor of the Empire

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